Explore the Foundations of FRAM
Discover the ideas, terminology, principles, and functional perspective behind the Functional Resonance Analysis Method.
Navigate the Core Concepts of FRAM
FRAM provides a structured way to describe how complex socio-technical systems function, how everyday performance varies, and how interactions among functions can contribute to both wanted and unwanted outcomes.
Use the sections below to explore the foundations of the method, its history and meaning, its practical use, and the terminology needed to develop and interpret FRAM models.
Introduction to FRAM
Begin with an introduction to functional variability, resonance, the analysis process, and the development of a FRAM model.
Start with FRAM → 02The Meaning of FRAM
Explore the meaning of the FRAM acronym, the development of the method, and the story behind its name.
Discover the Meaning → 03Using FRAM
Learn how FRAM can support systems thinking, incident analysis, model interpretation, quantification, and the exploration of complex socio-technical systems.
Explore How FRAM Is Used → 04Basic Principles
Understand the four principles of equivalence, approximate adjustments, emergence, and functional resonance.
Explore the Principles → 05Processes and Functions
Examine the difference between modelling a prescribed process and modelling the functions and potential dependencies needed for an activity.
Compare Processes and Functions → 06Strengths and Weaknesses
Explore the systemic perspective offered by FRAM as well as the effort, expertise, judgement, and transparency required when applying the method.
Review the Scope → 07A FRAM Glossary
Find definitions of essential FRAM terminology, including functions, aspects, couplings, performance variability, instantiations, foreground and background functions, and functional resonance.